Fiber架构的背景
传统Stack Reconciler的局限性
在Fiber架构之前,React使用Stack Reconciler(栈协调器),存在以下问题:
- 不可中断的渲染:一旦开始渲染,必须完成整个树的计算
- 阻塞主线程:大量计算会导致页面卡顿
- 优先级处理困难:无法区分高优先级和低优先级更新
Fiber架构的设计目标
- 可中断的工作:将渲染工作分解为小单元,可以暂停和恢复
- 优先级调度:根据不同优先级安排工作执行顺序
- 并发渲染:支持并发模式下的渲染
- 错误边界:更好的错误处理机制
Fiber节点的数据结构
Fiber节点的核心属性
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| const fiberNode = { tag: WorkTag, key: null, type: null, stateNode: null, memoizedProps: null, memoizedState: null, updateQueue: null, return: null, child: null, sibling: null, index: 0, flags: 0, subtreeFlags: 0, deletions: null, alternate: null, lanes: 0, childLanes: 0, mode: 0, };
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Fiber树的链表结构
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| const fiberTree = { tag: FunctionComponent, type: App, child: { tag: FunctionComponent, type: Header, return: AppFiber, sibling: { tag: FunctionComponent, type: Content, return: AppFiber, child: { tag: HostComponent, type: 'p', return: ContentFiber }, sibling: null } } };
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Fiber架构的工作流程
双缓存技术(Double Buffering)
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| let current = null; let workInProgress = null;
function prepareFreshStack(root) { workInProgress = createWorkInProgress(current, null); }
function commitRoot() { const finishedWork = workInProgress; current = finishedWork; workInProgress = null; }
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工作循环(Work Loop)
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| function workLoop(deadline) { let shouldYield = false; while (nextUnitOfWork !== null && !shouldYield) { nextUnitOfWork = performUnitOfWork(nextUnitOfWork); shouldYield = deadline.timeRemaining() < 1; } if (nextUnitOfWork !== null) { requestIdleCallback(workLoop); } else { commitRoot(); } }
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协调算法(Reconciliation)
Diff算法优化
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| function reconcileChildrenArray( returnFiber, currentFirstChild, newChildren, lanes ) { let resultingFirstChild = null; let previousNewFiber = null; let oldFiber = currentFirstChild; let lastPlacedIndex = 0; let newIdx = 0; let nextOldFiber = null; for (; oldFiber !== null && newIdx < newChildren.length; newIdx++) { if (oldFiber.index > newIdx) { nextOldFiber = oldFiber; oldFiber = null; } else { nextOldFiber = oldFiber.sibling; } const newFiber = updateSlot( returnFiber, oldFiber, newChildren[newIdx], lanes ); if (newFiber === null) { if (oldFiber === null) { oldFiber = nextOldFiber; } break; } lastPlacedIndex = placeChild(newFiber, lastPlacedIndex, newIdx); if (previousNewFiber === null) { resultingFirstChild = newFiber; } else { previousNewFiber.sibling = newFiber; } previousNewFiber = newFiber; oldFiber = nextOldFiber; } }
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优先级调度(Lane模型)
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| export const NoLanes = 0b0000000000000000000000000000000; export const NoLane = 0b0000000000000000000000000000000; export const SyncLane = 0b0000000000000000000000000000001; export const InputContinuousLane = 0b0000000000000000000000000000010; export const DefaultLane = 0b0000000000000000000000000000100; export const IdleLane = 0b0100000000000000000000000000000; export const OffscreenLane = 0b1000000000000000000000000000000;
function scheduleUpdateOnFiber(fiber, lane) { markRootUpdated(root, lane); if (lane === SyncLane) { performSyncWorkOnRoot(root); } else { ensureRootIsScheduled(root); } }
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并发模式(Concurrent Mode)
可中断渲染
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| function performConcurrentWorkOnRoot(root) { if (shouldYield()) { return null; } const didFullyRender = renderRootConcurrent(root, lanes); if (didFullyRender) { const finishedWork = root.current.alternate; commitRoot(root, finishedWork); } return null; }
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Suspense和懒加载
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| function lazy(ctor) { let thenable = null; return { $$typeof: REACT_LAZY_TYPE, _payload: { _status: -1, _result: ctor, }, _init(payload) { if (payload._status === -1) { const ctor = payload._result; thenable = ctor(); payload._status = 0; payload._result = thenable; } switch (payload._status) { case 0: throw thenable; case 1: return payload._result; case 2: throw payload._result; } } }; }
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错误处理机制
Error Boundaries的实现
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| class ErrorBoundary extends React.Component { constructor(props) { super(props); this.state = { hasError: false }; } static getDerivedStateFromError(error) { return { hasError: true }; } componentDidCatch(error, errorInfo) { logErrorToService(error, errorInfo); } render() { if (this.state.hasError) { return this.props.fallback; } return this.props.children; } }
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Fiber架构中的错误处理
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| function throwException( root, returnFiber, sourceFiber, value, rootRenderLanes ) { sourceFiber.flags |= Incomplete; if ( value !== null && typeof value === 'object' && typeof value.then === 'function' ) { } else { let workInProgress = returnFiber; do { switch (workInProgress.tag) { case ClassComponent: const instance = workInProgress.stateNode; if ( typeof instance.componentDidCatch === 'function' && !isAlreadyFailedLegacyErrorBoundary(instance) ) { const lane = requestUpdateLane(); const update = createClassErrorUpdate( workInProgress, value, lane ); enqueueUpdate(workInProgress, update, lane); markRootUpdated(root, lane); return; } break; case HostRoot: break; } workInProgress = workInProgress.return; } while (workInProgress !== null); } }
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性能优化策略
时间分片(Time Slicing)
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| function shouldYield() { return ( deadline !== null && deadline.timeRemaining() <= 0 && (needsPaint || scheduler.shouldYieldToHost()) ); }
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优先级标记(Priority Marking)
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| function markUpdateLaneFromFiberToRoot(sourceFiber, lane) { sourceFiber.lanes |= lane; let node = sourceFiber; let parent = sourceFiber.return; while (parent !== null) { parent.childLanes |= lane; node = parent; parent = parent.return; } if (node.tag === HostRoot) { return node.stateNode; } return null; }
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调试和开发工具
Fiber树的调试信息
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| function getFiberDescription(fiber) { return { tag: getTagName(fiber.tag), type: fiber.type ? fiber.type.name || fiber.type : null, key: fiber.key, state: fiber.memoizedState, props: fiber.memoizedProps, lanes: formatLanes(fiber.lanes), childLanes: formatLanes(fiber.childLanes) }; }
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实战:简易Fiber实现
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| class MiniFiber { constructor(type, props) { this.type = type; this.props = props; this.dom = null; this.child = null; this.sibling = null; this.return = null; this.alternate = null; this.effectTag = null; } }
function createElement(type, props, ...children) { return { type, props: { ...props, children: children.map(child => typeof child === 'object' ? child : createTextElement(child) ) } }; }
function createTextElement(text) { return { type: 'TEXT_ELEMENT', props: { nodeValue: text, children: [] } }; }
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Fiber架构的未来发展
并发特性的扩展
- useTransition:管理并发更新的过渡状态
- useDeferredValue:延迟某些值的更新
- Offscreen:预渲染和缓存组件
服务器组件(Server Components)
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| async function ServerComponent() { const data = await fetchData(); return <div>{data}</div>; }
function ClientComponent() { return ( <Suspense fallback={<div>Loading...</div>}> <ServerComponent /> </Suspense> ); }
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总结
React Fiber架构通过重新设计协调算法和引入并发概念,解决了传统架构的性能瓶颈。Fiber的核心思想是将渲染工作分解为可中断的小单元,支持优先级调度和并发渲染。